Although SRH is a subjective measure, several studies indicate an association between SRH and clinical conditions. In Norway, SRH is used in the “survey on living conditions” conducted annually among the general Norwegian population ( 9) and was also conducted among the immigrant population in 2016 ( 10). SRH has been adopted in surveys conducted at the European and national levels ( 3, 8). This instrument provides an overview of the general health status, health inequalities, and health care needs of the population. SRH expresses an overall subjective evaluation by the respondents of their health and is often measured through simple (single-items) survey instruments ( 7). However, in the past two decades, Self-rated health (SRH) has increasingly gained popularity as a health indicator ( 3– 6). Several “objective” indicators of health (e.g., life expectancy, mortality rate, and incidence of diseases such as diabetes and heart diseases) are used in epidemiological studies ( 2). The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” ( 1). Health is a broad concept that embodies a wide range of meanings. Introduction Conceptualizing and Measuring Health Although this study relates specifically to Italian immigrants, the findings may be extended to other immigrant populations in similar contexts. SHR is shaped by several interconnected factors.
Among these, Age, Food habits, and Years of permanence in Norway were the variables with the highest level of importance, followed by Trust in people, Educational level, and Health literacy.Ĭonclusions: Italian immigrants in Norway can be considered as part of a “new mobility” of high educated people. The machine-learning model selected 17 variables as relevant in predicting SRH. A slight majority (55%) perceived that their health would have been the same if they continued living in Italy, while 23% perceived a negative impact. This figure was not significantly different with the Norwegian population, nor to the Italians living in Italy. Results: Most of the respondents (69%) rated their SRH as “good” or “very good”. A machine-learning approach was used to identify the most important predictors of SRH among Italian immigrants. A one-sample Chi-squared was performed to compare the Italian immigrants' SRH with figures on the Norwegian and Italian populations according to Eurostat statistics. To enhance the sample's representativeness, the original dataset was oversampled to match the proportion of key sociodemographic characteristics of the reference population using the ADASYN method (oversampled n = 531).
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among adult Italian immigrants in Norway ( n = 321). Using the case of Italian immigrants in Norway, the aim of this study was to (i) examine the levels of SRH among Italian immigrants in Norway as compared with the Norwegian and the Italian population, (ii) examine the extent to which the Italian immigrant perceived that moving to Norway had a positive or negative impact on their SRH and (iii) identify the most important factors predicting SRH among Italian immigrants in Norway. To know more about health among European immigrants can provide new insights related to social determinants of health in the migration context. Little attention is given to self-rated health (SRH) in the context EU/EEA migration. 5Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norwayīackground: Most studies on immigrant health focus on immigrant groups coming from extra-European and/or low-income countries.4Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Center for Health and Technology, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Drammen, Norway.3Department of Historical and Classical Studies at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.2Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.1Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.Laura Terragni 1 *, Alessio Rossi 2, Monica Miscali 3 and Giovanna Calogiuri 4,5
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